Uploading

Introduction

Very often you will need to upload user images such as a profile image. Masonite let's you handle this very elegantly and allows you to upload to both the disk, and Amazon S3 out of the box. The UploadProvider Service Provider is what adds this functionality. Out of the box Masonite supports the disk driver which uploads directly to your file system and the s3 driver which uploads directly to your Amazon S3 bucket.

You may build more drivers if you wish to expand Masonite's capabilities. If you do create your driver, consider making it available on PyPi so others may install it into their project.

Read the "Creating an Email Driver" for more information on how to create drivers. Also look at the drivers directory inside the MasoniteFramework/core repository.

Configuration

All uploading configuration settings are inside config/storage.py. The settings that pertain to file uploading are just the DRIVER and the DRIVERS settings.

DRIVER and DRIVERS Settings

This setting looks like:

DRIVER = os.getenv('STORAGE_DRIVER', 'disk')

This defaults to the disk driver. The disk driver will upload directly onto the file system. This driver simply needs one setting which is the location setting which we can put in the DRIVERS dictionary:

DRIVERS = {
    'disk': {
        'location': 'storage/uploads'
    }
}

This will upload all images to the storage/uploads directory. If you change this directory, make sure the directory exists as Masonite will not create one for you before uploading. Know that the dictionary inside the DRIVERS dictionary should pertain to the DRIVER you set. For example, to set the DRIVER to s3 it will look like this:

DRIVER = 's3'

DRIVERS = {
    'disk': {
        'location': 'storage/uploads'
    },
    's3': {
        'client': os.getenv('S3_CLIENT', 'AxJz...'),
        'secret': os.getenv('S3_SECRET', 'HkZj...'),
        'bucket': os.getenv('S3_BUCKET', 's3bucket'),
    }
}

Some deployment platforms are Ephemeral. This means that either hourly or daily, they will completely clean their file systems which will lead to the deleting of anything you put on the file system after you deployed it. In other words, any user uploads will be wiped. To get around this, you'll need to upload your images to Amazon S3 or other asset hosting services which is why Masonite comes with Amazon S3 capability out of the box.

Uploading

Uploading with masonite is extremely simple. We can use the Upload class which is loaded into the container via the UploadProvider Service Provider. Whenever a file is uploaded, we can retrieve it using the normal Request.input() method. This will look something like:

<html>
    <body>
    <form action="/upload" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type="file" name="file_upload">
    </form>
    </body>
</html>

And inside our controller we can do:

def upload(self, Upload):
    Upload.driver('disk').store(Request.input('file_upload'))

That's it! We specified the driver we want to use and just uploaded an image to our file system.

This action will return the file system location. We could use that to input into our database if we want:

>>> Upload.driver('disk').store(Request.input('file_upload'))
storage/uploads/new_upload.png

We may also need to get the filename of the upload. If the request input is a file upload, we have some additional attributes we can use:

>>> Request.input('file_upload')
new_upload.png

Lastly, we may need to prepend the file name with something like a uuid or something or even just a normal string. We can do so by using the storePrepend() method:

>>> Upload.driver('disk').store(Request.input('file_upload'), 'prepend_name_')
prepend_name_newupload.png

Accepting Certain File Types

When uploading, it may be important to only accept certain file types. Out of the box Masonite allows uploading of all file types including .doc and .dmg and .exe. This is a security hazard so you whenever you upload, you should specify which file types you want to accept:

def show(self, Upload):
    Upload.accept(
        'jpeg',
        'jpg',
        'png'
    ).store(request().input('file'))

Notice that we specified jpeg and jpg. You should specify both if you want to accept either of them as the file extensions are unpredictable.

This doesn't only work for images. You can specify any file types:

def show(self, Upload):
    Upload.accept(
        'doc',
        'docx',
        'pdf'
    ).store(request().input('file'))

Uploading to S3

Before you get started with uploading to Amazon S3, you will need the boto3 library:

terminal

$ pip install boto3

Uploading to S3 is exactly the same. Simply add your username, secret key and bucket to the S3 setting:

DRIVER = 's3'

DRIVERS = {
    'disk': {
        'location': 'storage/uploads'
    },
    's3': {
        'client': os.getenv('S3_CLIENT', 'AxJz...'),
        'secret': os.getenv('S3_SECRET', 'HkZj...'),
        'bucket': os.getenv('S3_BUCKET', 's3bucket'),
    }
}

Make sure that your user has the permission for uploading to your S3 bucket.

Then in our controller:

def upload(self, Upload):
    Upload.driver('s3').store(Request.input('file_upload'))

How the S3 driver currently works is it uploads to your file system using the disk driver, and then uploads that file to your Amazon S3 bucket. So do not get rid of the disk setting in the DRIVERS dictionary.

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Last updated 6 years ago